The compaction factor test gives the behavior of fresh concrete under the action of external force. Purpose and use of laboratory compaction tests the astm test methods for compaction are used to develop a laboratoryderived standard reference density that is used to determine the percentage of compaction and deviation from the optimum water content that is measured by the field inplace density tests. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. This is a laboratory run test that determines the maximum theoretical dry. The test strip must be at least 200 m long and one traffic lane wide and be placed on subgrade representative of that on the project. Workability of a concrete signifies the full compaction of concrete using a required or reasonable amount of work which helps to achieve the desired possible density or void of fresh concrete resulting better strength and durable concrete structure and helpful to maintain. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. Cpt or spt which may form part of the final assurance testing.
The location of the test should be determined accurately. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids. What are the standard used in slump test and compacting factor test. Compaction factor test workability of concrete compaction factor test is designed in such a way that it can be used only in laboratory but in some cases, it can be used for field concrete tests. Nuc gages can have significant errors if the extendable probe is located next to a rock 3 inches across. Factors affecting compaction of asphalt pavements means that to achieve a desired level of fluidity behind the paver unaged asphalts with similar initial rheology may have to be heated to different temperatures. Test methods, frequency of testing and criteria for acceptance should be agreed at tender stage. Pdf predicting the workability of fresh concrete using simple. The frequency of testing will be affected by factors particular to each project, for example, the variability of the ground before treatment, the. Compaction of soil is an important process, as it helps it of achieve certain physical properties necessary for its proper behaviour under loading. Compaction increases the shear strength of the soil.
The standard proctor test astm d698, aashto t99, and the modified. Compare also with slump test and compaction factor test. Compaction factor test for concrete workability method and. Curves showing compaction obtained at various numbers of passes for each test roller used on 1960 and 1961 projects with compaction expressed as a percent of marshall density. Most field compaction tests are now made using nuclear density gages that employ a cesium element. Measures density of soil for comparing the degree of compaction vs specs. In construction, this is a significant part of the building process. The unit was then returned to the factory for repairs, burdening both the utility and manufacturer with additional costs and delays. Compaction of a particular soil is affected by following given factors i compactive effort. Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. The test first determines the maximum density achievable for the materials and uses this figure as a reference. Compaction factor test for concrete workability method.
By using standard tamping bar, we can distribute the concrete in a uniform manner along the crosssection of the mould. Dec 03, 2014 compacting factor test lee chun yee 0321748 yee algel 0315890 yong boon xiong 0321754 gan jet foong 0315998 khoo xin yee 0316180 hi i pai ling 0320598 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Compacting factor test is mainly used in laboratory to determine workability of concrete. Compaction factor apparatus consists of trowels, hand scoop 15. The trapdoor is opened so that the concrete falls into the lower hopper. The compacting factor apparatus is used to determine the compaction factor of concrete with low, medium and high workability. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or structural failure. But it is simpler to apply a standard amount of work to the concrete and to measure its degree of. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures. What is the maximum possible value of compacting factor. Compacting factor the degree of compaction is also called the compacting factor and is measured with the help of density ratio that is the ratio of density actually achieved in the test to the density of same concrete when it is fully compacted. Its maximum answer is 1 but practically it is lesser than 1. The compaction of concrete by hand is done by using a standard tamping bar. Jan 27, 2019 standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r.
To measure the workability of concrete by compaction factor test apparatus required. Soil compaction has many benefits but the appropriate amount of. It shall normally to be stated to the nearest second decimal place. Determine nuclear density values at each of the test sites using the. Earthwork payment items, methods and tabulations an overview of the different payment methods for earthwork and necessary tabulations that accompany these payment methods. Compassion fatigue, also known as secondary traumatic stress sts, is a condition characterized by a gradual lessening of compassion over time. Proctor test astm d155791 the proctor, or modified proctor test, determines the maximum density of a soil needed for a specific job site. This method addresses roundingoff of numbers from test results and calculations. Compaction factor test for concrete test for workability of.
According to proctor, the compaction of a soil mass is dependent on the following four major factors. Follow the procedure described in part 3 of this test method to establish a minimum of ten random test site locations on the test strip. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Test strips are useful to determine which type of compactor and how many passes will be necessary to achieve the desired compaction in this example, p is pneumatic tire roller. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. Interpretation of compaction factor test results as described in british road note 4 wilby 1991 7 table 6. The compacting factor test is performed to find out the workability of concrete. Us patented devices to measure workability of concrete in mixer 51 table 7. The compaction factor is defined as the ratio of weight of partially compacted concrete to that of fully compacted concrete. Compaction factor test procedure the concrete sample is placed in the upper hopper. The principal reason for compacting soil is to reduce subsequent settlement under working loads. The compaction factor test is to determine the workability of concrete. Soil compaction compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio.
We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. This is the most common laboratory soil test and the basis for all engineered compacted soil placements for embankements, pavements, and structural fills. As water is added to a soil at low moisture content it becomes easier for the particles to move past one another during the application of the compacting. Form sm 417b is used for recording the compaction test data. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of compaction. Slump test and compacting factor test of fresh concrete. Percent air voids versus number of coverages for steel and rubber rollers. Neff, 2003a was the first tool of its kind and specifically developed as a method by which individual differences in selfcompassion could be assessed. There are two proctor tests that defined by the american association of highway officials and american standard testing material. In rocky fills the operator should always rotate the probe 90 degrees and take a second reading, recoding the lower of the two values. Calculation the compaction factor is defined as the ratio of the weight of partially compacted concrete to the weight of fully compacted concrete.
Summary of concrete workability test methods the university of. Compacting factor test is an experiment that determines the consistency of freshly mixed concrete. In modern construction projects, heavy compaction machinery is deployed to provide compaction energy. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Compaction factor test workability of concrete the.
In this test, the compaction achieved through a free fall of concrete determines its. Workability of concrete and compaction factor test. The compacting factor test has been developed at the road research laboratory in united kingdom. This recommendation applies the standard compaction md control spec to a lab test moisturedensity curve unrelated to the site curve, to establish a target md range that does not align with optimum md at the site. Therefore field compaction trial is carried out to economise compaction aspect of earthwork, while achieving desired level of density based on lab tests heavy compaction test, is. Compaction of soil is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio and increase soil density. The more moisture in the soil, the more it can be compacted. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. It is the most common method for measuring the workability of freshly mixed concrete. It is not easy to measure the amount of work required to fully compact it. Place the concrete sample gently in the upper hopper to its brim using the hand scoop and level it. Compaction factor test of concrete for low workability. This video animation, animated video explains the procedure for determination of workability by compaction factor test. In its early form, the scs was hypothesized to be a three factor scale that included selfkindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.
The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture contents. To calculate the compaction factor, and to know more about workability. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil could occur and result in unnecessary maintenance costs or structure failure. Scholars who study compassion fatigue note that the condition is common among workers who work directly with victims of disasters, trauma, or illness, especially in the health care industry. Earthwork essentials iowa department of transportation. Procedure to determine workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test. The degree of compaction is also called the compacting factor and is measured with the help of density ratio that is the ratio of density actually achieved in the test to the density of same concrete when it is fully compacted. Compaction of soil purpose and effects of soil compaction. Proper control of moisture content in soil is necessary for achieving desired density. Compaction factor test is designed in such a way that it can be used only in laboratory but in some cases, it can be used for field concrete tests. The final soil survey is done after the line for a project has been approved by the location and design division. Compacting factor of fresh concrete is done to determine the workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test as per is. The sample of concrete to be tested shall be placed gently in the upper hopper, using.
Scoop 1 theory this is a site test to determine the consistency or workability of concrete and is conducted in the lab. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Eight out of ten nurses accessed their eap employee assistance program which is over twice as high as eap use by the total. Example recommendations for compaction specifications. The compaction factor test is carried out to measure the degree of workability of fresh concrete with regard to the internal energy required for compacting the concrete thoroughly. Any time the sand supplied changes or there is any. Variability in slump test measurements in highway applications baker and. Slump test doesnt give accurate results for the low workability of concrete when the slump is compaction factor test used for concrete mixes of very low workability. Workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test. What are the main precaution that has to be taken during the both test. The compacting factor test is designed primarily for use in the laboratory but it can also be used in the field.
Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to a soil to rearrange the particles and reduce the void ratio. Compacting factor test lab report building materials. It is more precise and sensitive than the slump test and is particularly useful for concrete mixes of very low workability and normally used when concrete is to be compacted by vibration. Causes of compaction vehicle traffic vehicle traffic 0 0 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 weight, lbs. Soil compaction soil compaction is defined as the method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. The compacting factor test is designed primarily for use in the laboratory but it can also be.
The sand calibration factor and the apparatus volume correction must be for the calibrated sand actually being used for the test. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. Compacting factor apparatus, concrete testing equipment, controls. The sample of concrete to be tested is placed in the upper hopper up to the brim. Pdf workability is one of the physical parameters of concrete which affects. The test results can be used to determine how much the soil can compact, what the optimum moisture level on the site is, and what the maximum dry density of the soil is. The workability of concrete has also been defined as the amount of work required to place the concrete and to compact it thoroughly. The maximum possible value of compacting factor for fresh green concrete is considered to be 1 theoretically, but lets look into it in a pragmatic way. To determine the workability of fresh concrete of given proportions by slump test and compacting factor test.
Earthwork standard road plans general requirements of how different soils are to be removed and\or placed within the project embankment. The number of tamping of strokes per layer varies with the type of concrete. May 06, 2016 compaction factor test slump cone test does not give good results in case of stiff or harsh concrete. The compaction factor test is used for concrete which have low workability for which slump test is not suitable. Learn workability of concrete and compaction factor test. Sampling concrete mix m15 is blended according to the specified mix design in the laboratory. The astm standard test methods used for determining compaction. Comprising two conical hoppers having a hinged trap door attached to the lower end of each hopper, allowing the concrete sample to flow freely into the cylindrical mould. Use of aggregates which are round and have smooth surfaces increases the. The proctor compaction test establishes the maximum unit weight that a particular type of soil can be compacted to using a controlled compactive force at an optimum water content. Apr 17, 2020 the test is repeated several times, with the moisture level of the soil being adjusted to achieve a range of values. Methods of compaction of concreteconcrete technology. Compaction factor test civil engineering lab experiment.
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